Tuesday 11 December 2018

Downfall of the Qing Dynasty

The Chinese 20th century starts with the "Boxer Rebellion" [1]. They are a Chinese secret
organization named the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious fists, that defend
chinese traditional ideals and are supporters of the Qing Dynasty. They make themselves
known because of its anti-westerns and anti-japanese ideas.


[2] The rebellion starts in northeast China. It quickly spreads in the countryside and the
main objective of this fighters is the destruction of foreign property and the killing of
christian chinese. In a matter of moths they reach Beijing and with the support of the
empress Cixi they start the siege of the foreign legation district.


As a result of this the eight mightiest nations of the world (United States, Great Britain,
France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Japan) form the biggest coalition
ever seen to defend their interests and nationals in China. Within a few weeks the coalition
navy destroyed the Chinese navy and the army invaded mainland China. They quickly
reach Beijing and lift the siege. The battles between the belligerents are catastrophic
for the chinese as their casualties are among the many thousands while the coalition
only lose a few hundred soldiers. Finally the empress' cabinet is forced to capitulate
and make war reparations of $330 million to the coalition.

This war represents the weakness of the Qing Dynasty and its failure to protect the
country from external threats Civil disorder is on rise, so an imperial edicts is
implemented, the "New Policies", trying to reform the country with such things as a
national education system. Unfortunately empress Cixi dies in 1908, and a child is
designed as emperor. After a short-term regency Yuan Shikai makes the regent, and
therefore the child emperor Puyi, abdicate thus ending the Qing Dynasty.

*[1] https://www.history.com/topics/china/boxer-rebellion

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